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- Castle Life
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- Supported by the brawn and taxes of the peasants, the feudal
- baron and his wife would seem to have had a comfortable life. In many
- ways they did, despite the lack of creature comforts and refinements.
- Around the 12th century, fortified manor dwellings began to give
- way to stone castles. Some of these, with their great outer walls and
- courtyard buildings, covered around 15 acres and were built for
- defensive warfare. Even during the hot summer months, dampness clung to
- the stone rooms, and the lord and his entourage spent as much time as
- possible outdoors. At dawn, a watchman on top of the lookout tower
- blasted out a note on his bugle to awaken everyone in the castle. After
- a small breakfast of bread and wine or beer, the nobles attended mass in
- the chapel at the castle. The lord then went about his business. He
- first may have heard the report of an estate manager (a manager of plot
- of land). If a discontented or badly treated serf had fled, without a
- doubt, the lord would order special people called retainers to bring him
- back. This is because serfs were bound to the lord unless they could
- evade him for a year and a day. The lord would also hear the petty
- offenses of the peasants and fine the culprits, or, he might even
- sentence them to a day in the pillory. Serious deeds, like poaching or
- murder, were legal matters for the local court or royal "circuit" court.
- The lady of the castle had many duties of her own. She inspected the
- work of her large staff of servants, and saw that her spinners, weavers,
- and embroiderers furnished clothes for the castle and rich robes for the
- clergy. She and her ladies also helped to train the pages, who were
- well-born boys that came to live in the castle at the age of seven
- years. For seven years pages were taught in religion, music, dancing,
- riding, hunting, and some reading, writing, and arithmetic. When they
- turned 14, they became squires.
- The lord directed the training of the squires. They spent seven
- years learning the practices of chivalry and, above all this, of
- warfare. At the age of 21, if they were worthy enough, they received
- the distinction of knighthood.
- Sometime between 9 AM and noon, a trumpet called the lord's
- household to the great hall for dinner. Their, they wolfed down great
- quantities of soup, game, birds, mutton, pork, some beef, and often
- venison or boar slain in the hunt. In winter, the ill-preserved meat
- tasted fiercely of East Indian spices, bought at enormous cost to hide
- the rank taste. Great, flat pieces of bread called trenchers served as
- plates and, after the meal, were tossed to the dogs around the table or
- given to the poor. Huge pies, or pasties, filled with several kinds of fowl or fish, were greatly loved. Metal, or wood cups, or leather
- "jacks" held cider, beer, or wine. Coffee and tea were not used in
- Europe until after the Middle Ages. Minstrels or jokers entertained at
- dinner.
- Hunting, games, and tournaments delighted nobles. Even the
- ladies and their pages rode into the field to loose falcons at game
- birds. Indoors, in front of the great open fire, there was chess,
- checkers, and backgammon. Poet-musicians, called troubadours, would
- often chant and sing storied accomplishments of Charlemagne, Count
- Roland, or Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table. Dearest to the
- warrior heart of the feudal lord was the tournament, an extravagant
- contest of arms. Visiting knights and nobles set up their pavilions
- near the lists, or field of contest. Over each tent, a banner fluttered
- to show the rank of a contestant--here a count, there a marquis or a
- baron. The shield of each armor-ridden warrior was emblazoned, or
- decorated, to identify the bearer. The first day of the tournament, or
- tourney, was usually devoted to single combats, in which pairs of
- knights rode full speed at each other with 10-foot (3-meter) lances.
- The tournament's climax was the melee, when companies of knights battled
- in adventurous mimic warfare. A tournament cost the lord a fortune for
- hospitality and rich prizes given to the victors by the "queen of the
- tournament".
- Tournaments had a cold and forbidding value--as practice for
- feudal warfare. Some battle or raid erupted almost daily, since
- medieval nobles settled their quarrels simply by attacking. If a lord
- coveted land, his couriers called his vassals to make a foray, or raid,
- of it. The peasants, in quilted battle coats, trudged along to fight on
- foot with their pikes and poleaxes. Despite the incalculable outbreaks,
- casualties were surprisingly few, as long, exhausting battles, were
- rare. Warring lords usually just burned the fields and villages of
- their enemies. After an encounter, the defending lord and his vassals
- usually fled to the safety of the castle. The castle could withstand
- many a stubborn siege.
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